Artoo is fully motorized and his remote control is a scaled replica of the Millennium Falcon. You can move him in any direction, rotate his head unit and even tilt his legs backwards, to make ceiling projection possible.
Artoo has a series of built in sophisticated sensors. The first of these is the surface sensor, used firstly to stop R2D2 from going over the edge of a surface, such as a staircase. The second are leg sensors, located on the body near the legs, and are to prevent anything getting caught during leg movement. The third is the projection sensor, ensuring that Artoo is at least 1.5m from the object wall before projecting.
It's also a chuffing robot.