Normal map = (bit)map that stores normals. (high object) face normals are stored using R,G & B color components = funny colors. There are two kinds or normal maps, tangent space and object space... object space is using "the world" but tangent space uses normals relative to the face = much more useful. Normal maps derived from the same (high) object using Object or Tangent space normals look different because of that.
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longer explanation with images:
http://members.shaw.ca/jimht03/normal.html